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Selective traveling-wave amplification in the outer ionosphere is postulated to explain very-low-frequency emissions, a class of very low-frequency (1 to 30 kilocycles per second) natural noise. By analogy with the mechanism of traveling wave tubes, low-level ambient noise in the outer ionosphere is amplified in streams of incoming ionized solar particles at frequencies for which the stream and wave velocities are equal. Required velocities are in the range 0.01 to 0.1 c (where c is the velocity of light). Streams with densities of the order of one electron per cubic centimeter would provide sufficient energy. Phenomena which can be explained qualitatively by the theory are the hiss, quasi-constant tones, dawn chorus and related transients, and very long trains of whistler echoes. A quantitative example shows how the theory can reproduce the general form of certain characteristic discrete spectra 'hooks' of emissions, and how this leads to definite values of particle velocity and a law for the distribution of electron density in the outer ionosphere.
The Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards, Section D: Radio Propagation, is a publication of the U.S. Government. The papers are in the public domain and are not subject to copyright in the United States. However, please pay special attention to the individual works to make sure there are no copyright restrictions indicated. Individual works may require securing other permissions from the original copyright holder.
Origin of 'very-low-frequency emissions'
very-low-frequency emissions
stream velocity
phase velocity
traveling wave tubes
wave frequency
traveling wave
frequency
whistler
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2010-11-29T12:46:24-05:00
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